Battery-powered walk-behind greensmower

ABSTRACT

A greensmower having a cutting reel and a traction member and an independent electric circuit and motor for driving each. A handle is attached to the reel for mower guidance by an operator in a walk-behind position. Separate electric controls are connected to each motor for separate speeds for each motor and thereby control the clip rate of the mowing. There are low battery power read-outs and automatic shutoffs. Provision is made for traction powering of the mower even when the reel motor is not operating because of low battery power. A lift-out battery pack is shiftably mounted on the mower for producing the desired force of the mower on the ground.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/696,700 filed on Oct. 26, 2000, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a battery-powered walk-behind greensmower, and more particularly, it relates to a greensmower arranged to control the grass clip-rate and to provide a battery pack and support therefore.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The prior mower art is aware of greensmowers useful in mowing golf course greens which require exacting mowing results to assure that the grass is even in its cut throughout the extent across the green. Some of those mowers are walk-behind mowers and some are riding mowers. Of course, the riders are inherently heavier than the walk-behind and they therefore tend to create undesirable impressions in the green, and they have other disadvantages.

Greensmowers generally employ a reel-type mower, and some of them are concerned about the clip-rate of the mowing, and that determines the quality of the mowed grass. The term clip-rate means the distance between the locations of the individual sequential grass cuts produced by the rotating cutting blades successively moving over the grass. The grass between the locations of the cuts will necessarily be left taller than the cut grass at the cut locations. So the cut rate is vital to producing an optimum condition of the grass on the golf course green.

It is also important that the greensmower be quiet in operation and light in weight and that it permit the operator to see the results of the mowing while the grass is being mowed. Further, the ultimate greensmower will be a walk-behind mower which is battery powered and has electrical circuitry which preludes mower overloads and consequent mower damage; gives the operator current information on the quantity of the battery charge; automatically and manually shuts off under both desirable and undesirable conditions; automatically shuts off the electric power by a predetermined time after the mower has been used for mowing; has both operator-presence handle-located control and electric switch control for the mower power; the motors for the mower and the traction drive automatically stop upon sensing a predetermined heat level within them; and there is the ability to adjust the pressure exerted on the ground by the reel mower roller.

It is an object of this invention to provide a mower and a method which achieve the aforementioned desirable results. Some of the features that produce those results include the fact that the mower is battery-powered for convenience and quiet operation on the golf course; there is a walk-behind mower for light weight and maneuverability on the greens; there is a greens roller for desired rolling of the green in conjunction with the mowing; there is a counterbalancing of the mower in its end-to-end dimension; there is an adjustable support for the battery so that its weight can be desirably applied relative to the ground rollers of the reel mower itself; and there is a battery box containing a plurality of batteries for providing optimum electric power and for lifting the box with the batteries for servicing, such as replacing and charging.

Particularly, this invention provides the apparatus and method for establishing the selectable clip-rate desirable for the green being mowed. In achieving this objective, the operator does not need to adjust nor control more than only one variable, namely only the mower ground speed. However, in another embodiment, both the traction speed and the reel speed are controllable by the operator at the handle location and during cutting operation.

This invention also provides for the arrangement of the support of the battery, actually in a pack of several batteries disposed in a box, and having the box selectively movable relative to the remainder of the mower and thereby control the pressure the mower rollers exert on the ground. In this arrangement, skilled greensmower operators can arrange for their own selectable ground pressure, and they can make their selections at the mowing sites.

This invention also provides the apparatus and method to both manually and automatically control the electric power in driving both the traction member and the cutting reel. Therefore, there is an avoidance of overload on the mower. Also, there is an electric signal which indicates the level of electric power available for powering the mower, so the operator can then respond accordingly, such as by changing or charging the battery even before the battery is dead.

Also, there is an electrical control system that will shut down the power to the reel motor when the battery voltage drops below a predetermined level of voltage. Even before that, there is an electric signal that indicates to the operator that the battery power is low. However, the system will still allow the use of the traction drive, so the operator can then transport the mower to a desired parking destination, but the operator will not be able to cut grass to a time when the battery is completely discharged and thereby damaged. This feature prevents abusive deep discharge of the battery, thereby avoiding harm to the battery.

The electrical system employed herein includes provision for a manual main switch control for the entire system, and it includes a manual switch for the reel motor which can be driven at a constant speed. There is an electrical variable resistor, such as a potentiometer, connected with the traction motor, and the resistor is controllable by the operator at the mower handle location, so the operator has the selectivity of the desired ground speed for the mower and for his walking speed. With the reel switch, the power to the reel can be shut off and the system can be operated under traction drive only, and thereby the system can be used only as a lawn roller.

In the event of overload on either the traction motor or the reel motor, those motors will automatically shut down. This feature is achieved by a sensor that senses a predetermined level of heat in the motors. Also, in the event that the operator leaves the mower with the two motors turned off but with the main switch key still on, the system will automatically turn itself off after a predetermined time delay and thereby avoid any danger, battery drain, or abuse of the mower.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a lawnmower of this invention;

FIG. 2 is a front perspective exploded view of the reel mower of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a front perspective exploded view of the handle of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a front perspective exploded view of the battery and reel of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is an electrical schematic view of the electric system employed in this invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an alternate battery-powered walk-behind greensmower;

FIG. 7 is a front perspective exploded view of an alternate embodiment battery and reel of the present invention; and

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the soft start module.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT AND METHOD

The drawings show a conventional reel-type mower 10 which includes a frame structure 11 having two side plates 12 and 13 and cross-frame pieces 14 and 16 as best seen in FIG. 2. There is a conventional rotatable greensmower reel 17 with its usual spiraled blades 18 equally spaced around the reel shaft 19 which is elongated and defines a rotation axis 21 extending along the length of the shaft 19. There is the usual reel fixed bed knife at 22, and the blades 18 orbit relative to the shaft 19 and move past the knife 22 for the usual and well-known function of the grass cutting. Also, there is a reel mower rotatable roller 23 at the front of the assembly and, along with an unshown rear roller, it supports the reel mower for movement on the ground.

FIGS. 1, 2, and 4 show the above, and they also show a traction roller 24 included in the assembly and rotatably mounted on the structure 11 through a roller axle 26. The traction roller 24 supports the lawnmower assembly on the ground and serves as the traction drive for the lawnmower. Other ground-supporting traction members could be substituted.

The rotational drive to the reel 17 and the traction roller 24 is through an electrical system which includes two separate electric motors 27 and 28, respectively. These two motors are a respective part of two branches of electric circuitry herein. The motors 27 and 28 are respectively suitably bolted to the structure side plates 12 and 13 and they are drivingly connected with the reel 17 and the traction roller 24. The reel motor 27 suitably drivingly engages the reel shaft 19 for rotating the reel in the forward mowing direction which is leftward in these drawings. The motors 27 and 28 are through Motor Appliance Corp., St. Louis, Mo., model M12160-2.

The traction motor 28 has a drive pulley 31 thereon, and the pulley 31 connects with a drive belt 32 which drives an idler pulley 33. Pulley 33 meshes with a drive pulley 34 which in turn drives a belt 36 and a pulley 37 which is drivingly on the roller axle 26. Thus there is a traction drive train from the motor 28 to the ground-engaging traction roller 24, and thusly the lawnmower is moved in the forward operating direction. That operation may be the grass cutting action of the reel 17 along with the roller action of the traction roller 24, or it may be the operation of only the traction roller 24, as mentioned.

FIGS. 1 and 3 show a handle 38 which is suitably connected with the structure 11 at the handle lower end 39. The handle upper end 40 has a hand grip portion 41 which the operator can hold in steering the lawnmower. There is a movably mounted bail or operator hand control 42 pivotally connected to the handle 38, and it is movable toward and away from the grip portion 41. Two pivot mounting plates 43 are connected with the grip 41, and the plates 43 present a pivot mounting for a bracket 44 which is attached to the bail 42.

In that arrangement, the operator can hold both the grip 41 and the bail 42 while guiding the lawnmower. As will be more clearly seen later, upon release of the bail, the traction drive is interrupted, and the bail is an electric switch manual control. FIG. 1 shows that a bail switch 46 is mounted on the handle 38 in a position to be subject to electrical actuation by forward movement of the bail 42, and the relationship with the switch 46 may be in any suitable manner. Also, there is a bail lockout lever 47 which is spring-loaded to its active position which precludes the bail 42 from being moved into its active position, and thus the switch 46 is in its “OFF” position. The user can release the lever 47 and then pivot the bail forward for activation of the switch 46 and place the switch in its “ON” position for mower operation.

Additionally, the vicinity of the handle upper end 40 also includes electrical elements mounted thereon, which are therefore presented to the user for his observation or actuation. An electric and manually controlled switch 48, through a wire 49, is mounted on the handle and is connected with the reel motor 27 to control power to the operation of the motor 27. A battery fuel gauge 51 is mounted on the handle and is visible by the user and it is connected through wires 52 into the hereinafter described electric circuitry. Alternatively, battery fuel gauge 51 may be mounted on the battery pack so that it continuously displays the state of charge of the battery. The gauge is one through Curtis Instruments, Inc., Mt. Kisco, N.Y., as part 906F48HNDHTJ. A manually controllable key switch 53 is mounted on the handle and is available to the user at the handle location and it is connected in the circuitry through wires 54. A manually controllable variable resistor, such as a potentiometer 56, is connected in that branch of the circuitry through wires 57, and it is mounted on the handle and it controls the power to the traction motor 28 and it has a control handle 58 connected thereto and disposed within easy reach of the user. The potentiometer is through Spectrol Electronics Corp., Ontario, Calif., part 657-2-0-502.

Thus there are the aforementioned five electric elements of the switch 46, the switch 48, the gauge 51, the switch 53, and the potentiometer control 58, all of which are available to the user at the convenience of the location of the upper handle end 40. That emphasizes the significance of the walk-behind lawnmower of this invention.

FIG. 5 shows the electric circuitry which includes the battery pack 59 shown to have four batteries in the total pack, as also seen in FIG. 4. In addition to the electric elements previously mentioned the circuitry includes an electric sensor in the fuel gauge element 51 to sense the level of the electric power in the battery 59 and to register that on an operator readout, of any conventional design, at the gauge 51 on the handle or battery pack, so the operator always knows the power in the battery 59. The relay is one through said Curtis Instruments, Inc., as part 1178E36480010. The gauge 51 is connected to a battery cutout relay 61, and, upon the occasion of a predetermined low voltage, such as a depth of discharge (DOD) of seventy percent of full charge, a flashing light can signal the operator. At eighty percent of DOD the fuel gauge 51 provides a double flashing light and a signal to the battery cutout relay 61 to activate the relay 61 and thereby terminate current to the reel motor 27 through an electric contactor 62 which is connected with the motor 27 through a wire 63. That forces the operator to discontinue cutting the grass and to ultimately tend to the battery which is protected from deep discharge and consequent harm. However, the system still allows the operator to drive the lawnmower by use of the traction motor 28 and to a service location. The contactors are through said Curtis Instruments, Inc. part SW60P48DCSupp/120.

After the battery is rectified, the operator must reactivate the system by setting the key switch 53 into the start mode to energize the system and then reactivate the bail 42 and the bail switch 46. Closing the switch 53 activates a time delay module 64. Module 64 provides an electrical shutdown system where after fifteen minutes of non-operation, the time delay module will remove power to the entire system. This feature is to render the lawnmower inoperative when it is parked for fifteen minutes, and the re-start sequence will then be employed.

Another feature of the system is that in the event either motor 27 or 28 is jammed or stalled, such as when the electric current exceeds an amperage for a predetermined length of time, say fifty amps for one-half second, there is a sensor built into each motor that produces an automatic shutdown of that motor. That can be a conventional type sensor, but it is uniquely employed in this system.

Also of conventional arrangement in the motors is protection against overload, and there is a heat sensor in the motors. Internally built into the motors 27 and 28 is a shutdown sensor that senses heat generation in components in the motors and will shutdown the motor when these components exceed the predetermined heat limit. Again, after the overload is relieved, the start-up sequence is employed to reactivate the lawnmower.

In the re-start, the key switch 53 is activated to the start position that energizes the time delay module 64, the battery fuel gauge 51, and activates a signal light 67 to indicate power. When battery fuel gauge 51 is attached to the battery pack 59, the battery fuel gauge 51 is always energized to the output level of the battery. Closing the reel control switch 48 and the bail switch 46, current is directed to the motor contactor 62 and to the reel motor 27. Current is also directed to a contactor 65 connected with the bail switch 46 for directing current to the traction motor 28.

In the FIG. 5 showing, the traction motor 28 is subject to the variable control of potentiometer 56 to permit the operator to select the ground speed of the lawnmower. Selectable walking speeds, rather than having a riding mower speed, is important. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the reel motor 27 is shown to be controlled by a fixed control 66. However, in the reel control branch, the control 66 could be replaced by a potentiometer, such as the potentiometer 56, and then the reel rotation speed would be variable and under the direct control of the operator when a handle-located potentiometer control, like the control 58 is provided for the reel motor 27. In instances where it is not preferred to have the operator alter reel rotation speed on the mowing site, the embodiment of FIG. 5 is to be employed.

As viewed in FIG. 5, the lower portion thereof shows signal light 67 and a manual switch 68 and provision for another motor 69, such as a groomer motor, if desired. Also, the top location in FIG. 5 shows an electrical connector or plug 71 which is manually connectable for connecting the system with the battery pack 59.

FIGS. 1 and 4 show the presence and the mounting of the battery 59. Cross-frame pieces 14 and 16 are fixedly connected with the mower side plates 12 and 13, and they support a battery tray 70 which includes a planar base 73 and two side rails 72 and 74, all as one integral unit. There is a floor extension 76 adjustably bolted to the side rails 72 and 74 through bolts, such as bolt 77, and elongated slots, such as slot 78, in the side rails 72 and 74. The extension 76 is also adjustably attached to the tray base 73 by bolts, such as bolt 79 through elongated slots 81. Screws 82 and 83 extend through the tray assembled base and connect with the mower structure at cross-frame pieces 14 and 16, with spacers 84 and 86 therebetween.

In that manner, the battery tray is adjustable fore-and-aft of the mowing direction, and its weight can thus be selectively shifted relative to the reel mower to adjust the weight effective on the mower rollers, such as the one shown front roller 23.

The tray 70, as just described, also has a rear abutment or upright wall 87 affixed as a portion of the tray. A front latch 88 is pivotally attached at pivot pins 89, and it is a portion of the tray. Tension springs, such as shown spring 91, urge an upright wall 92 of the latch 88 rearwardly and toward the abutment 87.

The battery 59 is shown to be in four separate batteries, all connected in series connection and supported in a battery box base 93 which is rectilinear and upwardly open to receive the four batteries in the shown side-by-side positioning. A battery box top 94 mates with the base 93 to form a complete enclosure of a rectilinear box for the four batteries. The top 94 and base 93 are bolted together at respective flanges 96 and 97 with bolts, such as bolt 98. A handle 99 is attached to the box.

The latch 88 has an opening 101 therein, and the base 93 has a protrusion 102 and the opening 101 snugly receives the protrusion 102 when the box is sitting on the tray base 73. Thus, the box back wall 103 abuts the abutment 87 and the box is held down by the engaged latch 88. The box is restricted at its sides by the overlapping two said rails 72 and 74. The box has feet 104 which support the battery and box assembly on the tray.

To remove the assembly of the box and the battery from the mower, the user need only grip a ledge 106 on the latch and pivot the latch forwardly to release at the protrusion 102. Then, disconnecting the wires at the connector 71, the assembly can be lifted off the mower through the handle 99. Replacement of the battery on the mower is achieved by simply lowering the assembly onto the tray, and the latch 88 has a convex curved portion 107 which slidably engages the battery box to pivot the latch forwardly until the battery box is on the tray base 73 and the latch 88 will then automatically connect with the protrusion. Connecting the connector 71 will complete the replacement operation.

A ground or floor support stand 108 is pivotally connected to the mower 10 on pivot bolts, such as shown bolt 109, and it extends from end to end on the mower and upwardly in the inoperative position, as seen in FIGS. 1 and 4. Pivoting the stand 108 clockwise, as viewed in FIGS. 1 and 4, will place it underneath the mower 10 and thus will upwardly support the mower off the ground at the back of the mower 10. That is useful for connecting unshown transport wheels, inspection, and servicing of mower. Tension springs, such as spring 111, urge the stand upwardly to its shown inoperative position.

This greensmower may have eight reel blades 18. Per the reel revolution, the number of blades 18 affect the clip rate. Also, in the FIG. 5 embodiment, the electric control 66 for the reel motor 27 can be arranged in the shop to produce a selected rpm in the motor 27. Then the user mowing the green will control the clip rate only through the operator presence hand control 58 for adjusting the rpm of the motor 28 and thereby establish the clip rate by the adjustment of only a single control.

With reference to FIG. 6, an alternate embodiment battery-powered walk-behind greensmower includes a controller 200 in communication with reel motor 27 and traction motor 28. Controller 200 communicates with external devices such as a battery level indicator 202, card reader 204, and operator presence control system 206. Each of the external devices provides controller 200 with information useful for determining the mode of operation of reel-type mower 10. Based on the data received from the external devices, controller 200 provides operating signals to supply or discontinue electrical current to reel motor 27 and/or traction motor 28. Controller 200 also includes an internal soft start module 207 which is operable during a starting sequence of reel motor 27. Soft start module 207 allows the use of a smaller motor than would customarily be sized as will be described in greater detail hereinafter.

Battery level indicator 202 provides a signal to controller 200 indicative of the combined voltage of the four batteries connected in series. Additionally, battery level indicator 202 includes a plurality of light emitting diodes 208 for indicating the level of charge of the battery bank to the operator. In the embodiment depicted, ten light emitting diodes are positioned adjacent one another in view of the operator. A first light emitting diode is illuminated if the combined battery voltage exceeds 48.5 volts to indicate a fully charged battery pack. As battery voltage decreases, subsequent light emitting diodes are illuminated to indicate a decreasing level of charge. When the battery pack reaches approximately 44.5 volts, the ninth and tenth light emitting diodes are alternately flashed to indicate an “empty” battery pack.

Battery level indicator 202 also includes a high voltage reset function in which the gauge is reset only after the battery voltage level is greater than 56.4 volts for over six minutes. This level of battery voltage would be present during a recharging operation. Battery level indicator 202 also includes an open circuit reset that is operable after a battery has been disconnected from the indicator 202 and subsequently charged. When battery lever indicator 202 is reconnected to the battery pack, the combined voltage must be greater than approximately 50 volts in order to reset the gauge to full.

It should be appreciated that battery level indicator 202 may be mounted to mower 10 or a plurality of battery level indicators may be individually coupled to each of the four batteries within the battery pack. As such, an operator would be able to immediately determine the charge level of a battery in storage when the battery is disconnected from the mower. Furthermore, individual battery level indicators may be useful to optimize the energy and time required to recharge the individual batteries. In another embodiment, each battery level indicator would be equipped to signal a switch to discontinue charging once a predetermined voltage has been exceeded for a specified time period.

FIG. 7 depicts an alternate method of electrically connecting battery 59 to the electrical circuitry of mower 10. A quick connect assembly 220 includes a first connector 222 coupled to battery box base 93. First connector 222 extends through an aperture formed in a bottom surface 224 of base 93. First connector 222 includes a pair of terminals (now shown) electrically coupled to battery 59. A second connector 226 is coupled to tray 70. Second connector 226 includes a pair of conductors 228 electrically coupled to the remaining circuitry of mower 10. Second connector 226 extends through an aperture 230 formed in base 73 of battery tray 70.

Second connector 226 is depicted as a female receptacle while first connector 222 is represented as a male plug. However, it should be appreciated that the geometry of the connectors shown is merely exemplary and any number of electrical connectors including those having circular, oblong or rectangular cross-sections being formed as male, female or hermaphroditic are contemplated as being within the scope of the present invention.

During installation of the battery box to the mower, first connector 222 is mechanically coupled to second connector 226. Also, an electrical connection is made between battery 59 and the electrical circuitry of mower 10. As mentioned earlier, latch 88 restrains the box from movement once base 93 is seated on tray base 73. Therefore, quick connect assembly 220 provides a simple, robust method of mechanically and electrically coupling battery 59 to mower 10. No further steps such as interconnecting electrical pigtails are required.

Removal of the battery box is accomplished in the manner previously discussed. Specifically, the user need only apply a force to ledge 106 to pivot the latch forwardly and release protrusion 102. The complete battery box may be upwardly lifted to electrically disconnect the battery from the mower and allow remote charging of battery 59.

When the battery 59 is coupled to mower 10, controller 200 uses information provided by battery level indicator 202 to determine if the battery pack is sufficiently charged to operate both traction motor 28 and reel motor 27 in a standard cutting mode. If the battery level is at or below a predetermined voltage level, controller 200 places mower 10 in a “limp-home” mode. Below the predetermined voltage level, the battery pack no longer outputs sufficient energy to drive reel motor 27 and traction motor 28 to assure a desired quality of cut or clip rate. Accordingly, once the charge of the battery pack falls below the predetermined level, controller 200 shuts off reel motor 27. At this time, mower 10 operates in the “limp-home” mode where only traction motor 28 may be operated to transport mower 10 back to a desired service or battery charging location. As previously described, the circuit of FIG. 5 may be used to selectively place the mower in the limp-home mode. Alternatively, any number of suitable circuits may be implemented to provide the function desired.

Card reader 204 functions to supply controller 200 with information specific to an individual operator of mower 10. For example, magnetizable mower cards (not shown) may be issued to operators of mower 10. Each mower card would include operator preferences or characteristics such as walking speed, greens in which they mow and a mower authorization code. The mower authorization code could be used to allow only certain preauthorized operators to start a specific mower. By setting the ground speed of the vehicle to correspond to the walking speed of the operator, the controller may calculate an appropriate reel speed to provide an optimum clip rate.

Soft start module 207 is depicted in schematic form in FIG. 8. It should be noted from the outset that with respect to FIG. 8, values for the components are by way of example, and one skilled in the art may select different values in accordance with the specific implementation and selected components.

Soft start module 207 incorporates the circuitry shown in the figure to allow utilization of a smaller motor than would typically be specified for the operating conditions of reel motor oil. Specifically, reel motor 27 is required to output approximately 30 lb-in of torque in a relatively small amount of time to cause reel 17 to begin to rotate. This level of torque is required for approximately 500 milliseconds because reel 17 exhibits a relatively high rotational moment of inertia. Once the mass of reel 17 is put into motion, motor 27 need only output approximately 8 lb-in to maintain a desired rotary speed of reel 17 while cutting grass.

In the past, motors have been sized according to the 30 lb-in requirement even though this requirement exists for a very small portion of the operating time of the motor. Soft start module 207 allows a relatively large start-up current to be drawn for a limited amount of time. This limited amount of time exceeds the amount of time offered by a conventional fusible link. Without the soft start module, the fusible link would interrupt current to reel motor 27 prior to reel 17 rotating. Soft start module 207 enables a controlled overload of reel motor 27 for only the time required to rotate reel 17.

Soft start module 207 provides for a gradual start up by limiting the current applied to reel motor 302 from voltage source 300, such as a direct current (DC) voltage source. In one embodiment, voltage source 300 outputs 48 volts and may be comprised of one or a plurality of batteries arranged in series, such as four 12-volt batteries arranged in series. As shown in FIG. 8, voltage source 300 is arranged between a pair of voltage rails, V− and V+. Reel motor 302 is operated by providing a current path from V+ to V− through reel motor 302.

Soft start module 207 includes a current limiting circuit 304 and a time delay circuit 306. Current limiting section 304 is comprised of a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor 304 placed in parallel with a power relay 308, as will be described further herein. Thermistor 304 operates such that as current flow through thermistor 304 increases, the resistance decreases proportionately. Thus, as the current flow through thermistor 304 continually increases, the resistance across thermistor 304 correspondingly decreases, providing additional current to reel motor 302. The initial high resistance across thermistor 304 limits the initial rush of current to reel motor 302. As current flows through thermistor 304, the temperature of thermistor 304 increases and the resistance decreases. This enables a gradual increase in the current applied to reel motor 302 and thus enables a gradual start-up of reel motor 302.

Time delay circuit 306 provides an approximate 580 millisecond time delay before actuating power relay 308, which then provides a direct path from the voltage rail V+ to an input terminal of reel motor 302. Time delay circuit 306 includes a current limiting resistor 307 in series with a 18 volt DC zener diode 310 between the voltage rails V+ and V−. A capacitor 312 connects between node 309 and ground between resistor 307 and zener diode 310 in order to provide noise suppression.

Resistors 314 and 316 are connected in series between voltage rails V+ and V− to form a voltage divider to define a reference voltage at node 318. Capacitor 320 forms a parallel connection with resistor 316 in order to control the voltage rise time at node 318. Resistors 322 and 324 are placed in series to form a second voltage divider which is in turn placed in series with a zener shunt regulator 326. The interconnection between resistors 322 and 324 defines a node 328 which is connected to the base of a P-N-P transistor 330. Transistor 330 is placed in series with a third voltage divider formed by resistors 332 and 336. The interconnection between resistors 332 and 336 defines a node 338 of a third voltage divider, which connects to the gate of MOSFET 340. MOSFET 340 connects in series with coil 342 of a relay 308. Energizing coil 342 causes contacts 346 of relay 308 to close, thereby providing a current path from the voltage rail V+ to reel motor 302. Diode 348 is in parallel with coil 342 provides a freewheeling current path during deenergization of coil 342.

In operation, the application of voltage from battery 300 energizes voltage rails V+ and V− activation of a switch (not shown). Upon application of battery voltage across voltage rails V+ and V−, current passes through thermistor 304 and reel motor 302, while relay 308 is open, so that the only current path is provided through thermistor 304. As stated above, during this initial start-up period, all motor current passes through thermistor 304. Through operation as described above, thermistor 304 limits the initial rush of current.

During this initial rush of current, time delay circuit 306 delays closing the contacts of relay 308 for the predetermined 580 milliseconds. More particularly, current limiting resistor 307 and zener diode 310 operate to provide a voltage of 18 volts at node 309. During start up, shunt regulator 326 prevents current flow through the voltage divider formed by resistors 322 and 324, maintaining transistor 330 in an off state. During this time, capacitor 320 introduces a delayed voltage rise at node 318. Once the voltage at node 318 exceeds a predetermined reference voltage, such as 2.5 volts in the present embodiment, shunt regulator 326 turns on to enable a current flow through the voltage divider formed by resistors 322 and 324, thereby turning on transistor 330. Until the reference voltage at node 318 exceeds the predetermined voltage, no current flows through the voltage divider formed by resistors 322 and 324 occurs, thereby maintaining transistor 330 and off state.

Once transistor 330 turns on, current flows through the third voltage divider formed by resistors 332 and 336, generating a voltage at node 338 sufficient to turn on MOSFET 340. Once MOSFET 340 turns on, current flows through coil 342 of relay 308, thereby closing the contacts 346 of relay 308. At that time, power to reel motor 302 is provided through relay 308, rather than thermistor 304.

As can be seen from the foregoing, the voltage at node 318 determines when shunt regulator 326 actuates, and thereby determines when MOSFET 340 actuates in order to close the contacts 346 of relay 308. By selecting proper values of resistor 316 and capacitor 320, the time delay for the actuation of relay 308 can be varied. More particularly, proper selection of values of resistor 316 and capacitor 320 enables one skilled in the art to vary the time during which reel motor 302 receives current flow through thermistor 304, rather than through relay 308. Thus, during this initial start-up period, 580 milliseconds in the description herein, motor 302 is controlled only by application of energy through thermistor 304. 

1. A reel mower assembly: a frame; a reel having a plurality of blades, the reel rotatably coupled to the frame; an electric motor drivingly coupled to the reel, a first drive current being applied to the electric motor during a startup mode, the first drive current having a maximum, and a second drive current being applied to the electric motor following the startup mode, the second drive current being less than the first drive current; and a drive circuit for the electric motor, the drive circuit including: a current limiting subcircuit, the current limiting subcircuit applying the first drive current to the electric motor; and a timing circuit; the timing circuit applying the second drive current to the electric motor, wherein the timing circuit introduces a predetermined time delay during which only the first drive current from the current limiting subcircuit is applied to the electric motor and wherein the second drive current is applied to the electric motor via the timing circuit after the predetermined time delay.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the current limiting subcircuit further comprises a thermistor.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the thermistor is a negative coefficient thermistor.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the timing circuit comprises a voltage control subcircuit, the voltage control subcircuit establishing a reference voltage to activation of other subcircuits of the timing circuit.
 5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the timing circuit further comprises a time delay element, the time delay element controlling a rate of increase of the reference voltage.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the timing circuit further comprises a first switch, the first switch controlling activation of a second switch, wherein activation of the second switch applies the second drive current to the electric motor.
 7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the first switch comprises a power transistor.
 8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the second switch comprises a relay.
 9. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the second switch comprises a relay.
 10. A battery-powered mower assembly comprising: a frame having a rotatable grass cutting reel: an electric motor supported on said frame and being in driving relationship with said grass cutting reel; a battery tray coupled to said frame, said battery tray including a first connector; a wiring harness electrically interconnecting said first connector and said electric motor; and a battery box having a battery enclosed therein, said battery electrically coupled to a second connector mounted on said battery box, said second connector being electrically coupled to said first connector by placement of said battery box upon said battery tray.
 11. The battery-powered mower assembly of claim 10 wherein said first connector includes a female receptacle mounted to a substantially horizontal base plate of said battery tray.
 12. The battery-powered mower assembly of claim 11 wherein said second connector includes a male plug downwardly extending from said battery box.
 13. The battery-powered mower assembly of claim 10 further including a ground engaging traction member, said traction member being selectively driven to provide motive force to said mower assembly, said wiring harness electrically interconnecting said first connector and a second electric motor, said second electric motor being supported on said frame and being in driving relationship with said traction member.
 14. The battery-powered mower assembly of claim 13 wherein the rotational speed of said electric motor and said second electric motor are separately controllable.
 15. A battery-powered mower assembly comprising: a frame having a rotatable grass cutting reel; a battery mounted to said frame: an electric motor supported on said frame, said motor being in driving relationship with said reel: a card reader operable to read information stored on an access card; and a controller in communication with said card reader, said controller selectively operating said mower in an enabled Mode or a disabled mode in response to data provided by said card reader.
 16. The battery-powered mower assembly of claim 15 wherein said controller is adapted to allow current to be supplied from said battery to said electric motor when in said enabled mode, said current being blocked from said motor when in said disabled mode.
 17. The battery-powered mower assembly of claim 16 wherein said access card includes an authorization code to instruct said controller to operate said mower in said enabled mode or said disabled mode.
 18. The battery-powered mower assembly of claim 15 wherein said access card includes information specific to an operator, said information including desired walking speed.
 19. The battery-powered mower assembly of claim 18 wherein said controller is operable to vary a speed of said electric motor based on said walking speed of said operator to set a desired clip rate.
 20. The battery-powered mower assembly of claim 15 further including a second electric motor in driving communication with a ground engaging traction member, said controller operable to selectively allow current to be supplied from said battery to said second motor.
 21. The battery-powered mower assembly of claim 20 wherein said controller is operable to place said mower assembly in a limp home mode where current is supplied to said second motor to allow powered operation of said traction member and where current is blocked from said motor to prevent said cutting reel from being driven.
 22. The battery-powered mower assembly of claim 15 further including a battery level indicator having a plurality of lamps selectively illuminated to represent a charging level of said battery.
 23. The battery-powered mower assembly of claim 22 wherein the battery level indicator includes an open circuit reset that is operable after said battery is disconnected from said indicator, said open circuit reset indicating a fully charged battery when a predetermined voltage is exceeded.
 24. The battery-powered mower assembly of claim 22 wherein said battery level indicator is in communication with said controller, said controller operable to place said mower in said enabled mode or said disabled mode based on input from said battery level indicator.
 25. The battery-powered mower assembly of claim 22 wherein said controller is operable to place said mower assembly in a limp home mode where current is supplied to a second motor to allow powered operation of a traction member and where current is blocked from said motor to prevent said cutting reel from being driven based on input from said battery level indicator. 